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SQL injection is a security vulnerability that occurs in the database layer of an application. The vulnerability is present when user input is either incorrectly filtered for string literal escape characters embedded in SQL statements or user input is not strongly typed and thereby unexpectedly executed. It is in fact an instance of a more general class of vulnerabilities that can occur whenever one programming or scripting language is embedded inside another.
vulnerability refers to a weakness in a system allowing an attacker to violate the integrity, confidentiality, access control, availability, consistency or audit mechanism of the system or the data and applications it hosts. Vulnerabilities may result from bugs or design flaws in the system.