In SQL Server, several advanced query optimization techniques can significantly enhance performance. These techniques include:

1. Indexing: Proper indexing can speed up query execution by providing quick access to data.
2. Query Plan Analysis: Understanding and optimizing query execution plans can improve performance.
3. Statistics: Keeping statistics up-to-date helps the query optimizer make informed decisions.
4. Partitioning: Partitioning large tables can distribute data, leading to faster query processing.
5. Materialized Views: Precomputed views can store results and reduce query execution time.
6. Query Rewriting: Rewriting queries to be more efficient can boost performance. By leveraging these advanced techniques, SQL Server can optimize query performance and enhance overall database efficiency.