What is a jQuery plugin?
When a jQuery prototype object needs to be extended, we create a jQuery plugin which consists of methods that a jQuery object can inherit. A jQuery plugin can be created or customized according to the requirements although there are still several such plugins available online for use. Hence, the jQuery plugin can be thought of as a collection of elements which are called methods/functions. When an object of jQuery is called, all the methods of the prototype, as well as the inherited methods of the plugin, are called together.
What is AngularJS Directive?
There are several elements defined in AngularJS though there may be times when the need to extend the corresponding HTML comes forth. Custom Directives enable this through a ‘directive’ function which is called in place of the element for which it is defined. This happens only after the linking (link() function) of the element and its directive function after the compilation (compile() function) process. Custom Directives in AngularJS can be created for the following elements,
- Element- when a matching element is found, the directive starts working (restrict E)
- Attribute- when a matching attribute is found, the directive starts working (restrict A)
- CSS- when a matching CSS style is found, the directive begins working (restrict C)
- Comment- when a matching comment is found, the directive begins its work (restrict M)
There are several advantages of a custom directive. Directives provide aid in the creation of repeatable code that has the capability to work independently. Whatever the requirements are, all the functions and attributes corresponding to it are encapsulated together. This way there could be multiple directives each with a different scope and function, ready to be called when needed.
Typical jQuery plugin initialization
Standalone, a jQuery plugin is very easy to use. When you think about its initialization, just go for it in the initializing event of the document: document.ready
- <div id="ng-slider"></div>
- <p>The slider's value is: <span id="slider-value">0</span></p>
- $(document).ready(function() {
-
- $('#slider').slider({
- change: function(event, ui) {
- $('#slider-value').html(ui.value);
- }
- });
- });
The document.ready occurs when the Document Object Model (DOM) has loaded. This event takes place after the document is ready for execution. This means that all functions and sub-events can be placed inside this event to start the execution.
The above code inside the ready event calls a function that will enable a slider object to change its value when an event of its bar movement occurs. That means, when the bar on the slider is moved, the value in number for the slider changes accordingly. Therefore, the jQuery plugin function is initializing here in case of slider object with its sliding value upon another action event.
How to create custom Directive?
Any jQuery plugin requires a directive to ensure that the code is more usable than what can be used to create a custom directive,
- app.directive('directiveName', function() {
- return {
- restrict: 'A',
- link: function(scope, element, attrs) {
- $(element).pluginInitFunction(params);
- }
- };
- });
The directive is looking for a matching Attribute (A). Although, restrict can take either of the 4 values E, A, C or M, it can also make combinations such as CA, EC, CM, etc.
Followed by this, if there are many objects in the scope, the link function links each of the element with scope based on attributes matched. Further, each individual object/element is initialized to a certain parameter.
This entire process is the custom directive creation in AngularJS. This particular code for directive addresses the one side path i.e. linking directive to the plugin. But in order to ensure bidirectional path, that is if you want to ensure that any change in scope inside the plugin can be addressed by the directive, then we need to establish two-way binding through ‘$scope.$apply()’ method. This hooks the complete AngularJS cycle with every small manipulation of the plugin scope properties.
Merge the jQuery plugin into Custom Directive
After creating a jQuery plugin and a custom directive, now it requires that we merge the two. It can be done by putting the plugin initialization code inside the link() function of the directive.
In the above custom directive creation code, when the restriction is applied, a certain template is built upon the console, that inserts the jQuery plugin values to the directive. A certain scope is customized based on the values achieved. This follows the compilation process that compiles all the jQuery plugin data with the custom directive data. After the completion of linking, the entire directive is then placed inside the HTML for syntax completion.
Finally, linking the two with the HTML and CSS, creates a workable environment for the jQuery plugin with the help of the AngularJS custom directive. Following is an example of a simple case study:
- var app = angular.module('myapp', []);
- app.controller('myController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
- $scope.sliderValue = 30;
- }]);
- app.directive('mySlider', function() {
- return {
- restrict: 'A',
- scope: {
- 'model': '='
- },
- link: function(scope, elem, attrs) {
- $(elem).slider({
- value: +scope.model,
- slide: function(event, ui) {
- scope.$apply(function() {
- scope.model = ui.value;
- });
- }
- });
- }
- };
- });
AngularJS at the moment is quite popular. But something is lacking in it that can be made up with the use of jQuery plugins. But being two different languages, it is quite difficult to connect. Using AngularJS directives, the plugins of jQuery can be used quite effectively in the code ensuring that, the driving engine (directive code) is definitely reusable in future as well as repeatable. Directives are ready-made and available but can also be created custom as per your need. It’s the use that defines the nature of the directives.