Introduction to CloudWatch in AWS

In this article we are going to learn about a very interesting monitoring service in AWS called CloudWatch and will be covering the below topics:
  • Introduction to CloudWatch.
  • Setting up alarm on EC2 instance for CPU Utilization.
  • Spike Load on EC2 instance acting as server.
  • Observing alarm and CloudWatch dashboard.

Introduction to CloudWatch

 
CloudWatch is a service that can monitor the AWS resources (like EC2, ELB, EBS, Snapshot, etc.) and allows you to record the metrics for the different AWS services/resources.
 
CloudWatch
 
We already have metrics in CloudWatch, and so we can set up alarms in that and alarms are going to check the metrics and if it crosses the threshold level then it will send an email to the right recipients using SNS service.
 
CloudWatch
 
CloudWatch not only monitors the metrics but we can also stream any type of logs through CloudWatch service.
 
So now let’s get started with setting up the alarm for one of the instances which we named as card-web01, which we have created in one of the previous article Introduction to AWS ELB (Elastic Load Balancer).
 
AWS CloudWatch
 
We can also see that the site is up and running fine.
 
AWS CloudWatch
 
For example, we can monitor the EC2 instance using the monitoring tab.
 
EC2 instance
 
Here, by default we have lots of charts showing the different statistics for the EC2 instance card-web01.CloudWatch monitors your EC2 instance every 5 mins, but if we want to make it monitor it at shorter interval, then we will have to Enable Detailed Monitoring and this is not free.
 
EC2 instance monitoring
 
Frequency to monitor the resource is different for different types of resources.
 
Now let’s go to the CloudWatch dashboard and if we go to the metrics tab, we can see the different services (ELB, EBS, and EC2) which we have used in the North California region and the metrics available for each of them.
 
CloudWatch dashboard
 
As now we are concerned with the monitoring of EC2 instance, so we will click on EC2 -> Per Instance metrics -> Will select CPU Utilization for the instance card-web01 in North California region.
 
CloudWatch dashboard
 
We can see from the graph it generates the CPU utilization in the last 1 hour.
 
We may need to show the graph generated to the customers or clients, but what if you have 100s of such instances. So, going to each and every instance and then monitoring is not possible. We should have an alert or alarm system if something is not going as expected.
 

Setting up Alarm on EC2 Instance for CPU Utilization

 
Go to Alarms section in CloudWatch Dashboard and click on Create Alarm.
 
Setting up Alarm on EC2 Instance for CPU Utilization
 
Then select per Instance metrics (CPU Utilization for example) for the EC2 service.
 
Setting up Alarm on EC2 Instance for CPU Utilization
 
Then we need to specify the metrics and conditions which can be seen in the below images.
 
Setting up Alarm on EC2 Instance for CPU Utilization 
 
So now we are saying that if the CPU Utilization is greater than 70 % then we have to configure actions.
 
Setting up Alarm on EC2 Instance for CPU Utilization
 
Here we created a new topic to send an alarm to an email Id which could be the group email Id of the monitoring team.
 
Setting up Alarm on EC2 Instance for CPU Utilization
 
So, our notification has been set up successfully.
 
Now we will select the action for the EC2 instance if the instance is in the alarm state.
 
Setting up Alarm on EC2 Instance for CPU Utilization
 
Then finally will click Next and will add the description.
 
Setting up Alarm on EC2 Instance for CPU Utilization
 
Now hit next and preview the set up and create alarm. Red Line indicates the threshold level of 70% of CPU Utilization.
 
Setting up Alarm on EC2 Instance for CPU Utilization
 
So, we can see that alarm has been created but it shows pending confirmation, because I have given an email address to subscribe to the alerts.
 
Setting up Alarm on EC2 Instance for CPU Utilization
 
Thus, we need to give confirmation to subscribe to the topic CARD-WEB01-ALARM which we just created.
 
Setting up Alarm on EC2 Instance for CPU Utilization
 
Post confirmation.
 
Setting up Alarm on EC2 Instance for CPU Utilization
 
We can see that the State of the alarm is OK which means the CPU Utilization is below the threshold level of 70% for card-web01 EC2 Instance.
 
Setting up Alarm on EC2 Instance for CPU Utilization
 

Spike Load on EC2 instance acting as Server

 
Now to trigger the alarm we need to increase the load on the instance so that it crosses 70% of CPU Utilization threshold. For that there are different tools available, we are going to use stress.
 
Below are some of the commands:
  1. sudo -i  
  2. apt install stress -y  
Now we can see the stress has been installed and the different options available.
 
Spike Load on EC2 instance
 
We are now going to stress this instance by increasing the CPU utilization for 500 seconds.
  1. stress -c 1 -t 500 
Spike Load on EC2 instance
 
We can see above CPU utilization has gone to 99%, Ideally alarm should be raised.
 
Spike Load on EC2 instance
 

Observing Alarm and CloudWatch Dashboard

 
We can see that alarm has been generated and also have received an email for the same by SNS.
 
Observing Alarm and CloudWatch Dashboard
 
Let’s see the statistics of the alarm and the history and by looking the below screenshots we can see that after alarm SNS service has sent and email and the instance has been rebooted successfully.
 
Observing Alarm and CloudWatch Dashboard
 
 
After the reboot of instance, CloudWatch dashboard looks something like this now, showing the recent alarm and current status as Ok.
 
Observing Alarm and CloudWatch Dashboard
 
We can also set the billing alarm, but it is available only in North Virginia region only.
 

Summary

 
In this article, we saw the monitoring service CloudWatch and understood the metrics and alarms. We saw how we can set up an alarm on the predefined metrics if they cross the threshold value. We can set up different types of alarms and corresponding actions depending on the project requirements.
 
I hope you find this article helpful. Stay tuned for more … Cheers!!


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