CRUD Operations In ReactJS With Hooks

Sanwar Ranwa
Apr 08, 2024

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Introduction

In this article, we will explain React hooks and how to implement hooks in React. Hooks are a new concept that was introduced in React 16.8. Hooks are an alternative to classes. In this article, I'm going to create CRUD operations using React hook and web api.

You can check my previous article in which we use class components to perform CRUD from the below-mentioned link.

CRUD Operations Using Web API And ReactJS

Prerequisites

We should have a basic knowledge of React.js and Web API.
Visual Studio and Visual Studio Code IDE should be installed on your system.
SQL Server Management Studio
Basic knowledge of React strap and HTML

Implementation steps

Create React App
Install Bootstrap and React strap
Install Axios
Add React Router
React Hooks and Get, Post data using Axios
Create a Database and Table
Create Asp.net Web API Project

Create ReactJS project

Let's create a React app by using the following command.

npx create-react-app crudhooks

Open the newly created project in Visual Studio Code and install Reactstrap and Bootstrap in this project by using the following commands respectively. Learn more aboutReactstrap.

npm install --save bootstrap    
npm install --save reactstrap react react-dom

Now, open the index.js file and add import Bootstrap.

import 'bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css';

Now Install the Axios library by using the following command. Learn more about Axios.

npm install --save axios

Now go to the src folder and create a new folder inside this folder add 3 new components,

Createemployee.js
Editemployee.js
EmployeList.js

Add Routing in ReactJS

Install the react-router-dom package by using the following command

npm install react-router-dom --save

Open the app.js file and import of Router and Route (react-router-dom) and 3 components

import { BrowserRouter as Router, Switch, Route, Link } from 'react-router-dom';
import Createemployee from './CrudComponent/Createemployee';
import EmployeList from './CrudComponent/EmployeList';
import Editemployee from "./CrudComponent/Editemployee";

Add the following code to app.js file

import React from 'react';
import logo from './logo.svg';
import './App.css';
import { BrowserRouter as Router, Switch, Route, Link } from 'react-router-dom';
import Createemployee from './CrudComponent/Createemployee';
import EmployeList from './CrudComponent/EmployeList';
import Editemployee from "./CrudComponent/Editemployee";
function App() {
  return (
    <div className="App">
      <Router>
        <div className="container">
          <nav className="btn btn-warning navbar navbar-expand-lg navheader">
            <div className="collapse navbar-collapse">
              <ul className="navbar-nav mr-auto">
                <li className="nav-item">
                  <Link to={'/Createemployee'} className="nav-link">Add Employee</Link>
                </li>
                <li className="nav-item">
                  <Link to={'/EmployeList'} className="nav-link">Employee List</Link>
                </li>
              </ul>
            </div>
          </nav>
          <br />
          <Switch>
            <Route exact path='/Createemployee' component={Createemployee} />
            <Route path='/edit/:id' component={Editemployee} />
            <Route path='/EmployeList' component={EmployeList} />
          </Switch>
        </div>
      </Router>
    </div>
  );
}
export default App;

Now, open the Createemployee.js file and add the following code.

import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import axios from 'axios';
import { Button, Card, CardBody, CardFooter, Col, Container, Form, Input, InputGroup, InputGroupAddon, InputGroupText, Row } from 'reactstrap';
function Createemployee(props) {
  const [employee, setemployee] = useState({ Name: '', Department: '', Age: '', City: '', Country: '', Gender: '' });
  const [showLoading, setShowLoading] = useState(false);
  const apiUrl = "http://localhost:62168/api/Hooks/CreateEmp";
  const Insertemployee = (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    debugger;
    const data = { Name: employee.Name, Department: employee.Department, Age: employee.Age, City: employee.City, Country: employee.Country, Gender: employee.Gender };
    axios.post(apiUrl, data)
      .then((result) => {
        props.history.push('/EmployeList')
      });
  };
  const onChange = (e) => {
    e.persist();
    debugger;
    setemployee({ ...employee, [e.target.name]: e.target.value });
  }
  return (
    <div className="app flex-row align-items-center">
      <Container>
        <Row className="justify-content-center">
          <Col md="12" lg="10" xl="8">
            <Card className="mx-4">
              <CardBody className="p-4">
                <Form onSubmit={Insertemployee}>
                  <h1>Register</h1>
                  <InputGroup className="mb-3">
                    <Input type="text" name="Name" id="Name" placeholder="Name" value={employee.Name} onChange={onChange} />
                  </InputGroup>
                  <InputGroup className="mb-3">
                    <Input type="text" placeholder="Department" name="Department" id="Department" value={employee.Department} onChange={onChange} />
                  </InputGroup>
                  <InputGroup className="mb-3">
                    <Input type="text" placeholder="Age" name="Age" id="Age" value={employee.Age} onChange={onChange} />
                  </InputGroup>
                  <InputGroup className="mb-4">
                    <Input type="text" placeholder="City" name="City" id="City" value={employee.City} onChange={onChange} />
                  </InputGroup>
                  <InputGroup className="mb-4">
                    <Input type="text" placeholder="Country" name="Country" id="Country" value={employee.Country} onChange={onChange} />
                  </InputGroup>
                  <InputGroup className="mb-4">
                    <Input type="text" placeholder="Gender" name="Gender" id="Gender" value={employee.Gender} onChange={onChange} />
                  </InputGroup>
                  <CardFooter className="p-4">
                    <Row>
                      <Col xs="12" sm="6">
                        <Button type="submit" className="btn btn-info mb-1" block><span>Save</span></Button>
                      </Col>
                      <Col xs="12" sm="6">
                        <Button className="btn btn-info mb-1" block><span>Cancel</span></Button>
                      </Col>
                    </Row>
                  </CardFooter>
                </Form>
              </CardBody>
            </Card>
          </Col>
        </Row>
      </Container>
    </div>
  )
}
export default Createemployee

Now, open the EmployeList.js file and add the following code.

import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import { Badge, Card, CardBody, CardHeader, Col, Pagination, PaginationItem, PaginationLink, Row, Table } from 'reactstrap';
import axios from 'axios';
function EmployeList(props) {
  const [data, setData] = useState([]);
  useEffect(() => {
    const GetData = async () => {
      const result = await axios('http://localhost:62168/api/hooks/employee');
      setData(result.data);
    };
    GetData();
  }, []);
  const deleteEmployee = (id) => {
    debugger;
    axios.delete('http://localhost:62168/api/hooks/Deleteemployee?id=' + id)
      .then((result) => {
        props.history.push('/EmployeList')
      });
  };
  const editEmployee = (id) => {
    props.history.push({
      pathname: '/edit/' + id
    });
  };
  return (
    <div className="animated fadeIn">
      <Row>
        <Col>
          <Card>
            <CardHeader>
              <i className="fa fa-align-justify"></i> Employee List
              </CardHeader>
            <CardBody>
              <Table hover bordered striped responsive size="sm">
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th>Name</th>
                    <th>Department</th>
                    <th>Age</th>
                    <th>City</th>
                    <th>Country</th>
                    <th>Gender</th>
                    <th>Action</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  {
                    data.map((item, idx) => {
                      return <tr key={idx}>
                        <td>{item.Name}</td>
                        <td>{item.Department}</td>
                        <td>{item.Age}</td>
                        <td>{item.City}</td>
                        <td>{item.Country}</td>
                        <td>{item.Gender}</td>
                        <td>
                          <div className="btn-group">
                            <button className="btn btn-warning" onClick={() => { editEmployee(item.Id) }}>Edit</button>
                            <button className="btn btn-warning" onClick={() => { deleteEmployee(item.Id) }}>Delete</button>
                          </div>
                        </td>
                      </tr>
                    })
                  }
                </tbody>
              </Table>
            </CardBody>
          </Card>
        </Col>
      </Row>
    </div>
  )
}
export default EmployeList

Now, open theEditemployee.js file and add the following code.

import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import axios from 'axios';
import { Button, Card, CardBody, CardFooter, Col, Container, Form, Input, InputGroup, Row } from 'reactstrap';
function EditEmployee(props) {
  const [employee, setEmployee] = useState({ Id: '', Name: '', Department: '', Age: '', City: '', Country: '', Gender: '' });
  const url = "http://localhost:62168/api/Hooks/employeedetails?id=" + props.match.params.id;
  useEffect(() => {
    const getData = async () => {
      const result = await axios(url);
      setEmployee(result.data);
    };
    getData();
  }, []);
  const updateEmployee = (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    const data = { Id: props.match.params.id, Name: employee.Name, Department: employee.Department, Age: employee.Age, City: employee.City, Country: employee.Country, Gender: employee.Gender };
    axios.post('http://localhost:62168/api/Hooks/CreateEmp', data)
      .then((result) => {
        props.history.push('/EmployeList')
      });
  };
  const onChange = (e) => {
    e.persist();
    setEmployee({ ...employee, [e.target.name]: e.target.value });
  }
  return (
    <div className="app flex-row align-items-center">
      <Container>
        <Row className="justify-content-center">
          <Col md="12" lg="10" xl="8">
            <Card className="mx-4">
              <CardBody className="p-4">
                <Form onSubmit={updateEmployee}>
                  <h1>Update Employee</h1>
                  <InputGroup className="mb-3">
                    <Input type="text" name="Name" id="Name" placeholder="Name" value={employee.Name} onChange={onChange} />
                  </InputGroup>
                  <InputGroup className="mb-3">
                    <Input type="text" placeholder="Department" name="Department" id="Department" value={employee.Department} onChange={onChange} />
                  </InputGroup>
                  <InputGroup className="mb-3">
                    <Input type="text" placeholder="Age" name="Age" id="Age" value={employee.Age} onChange={onChange} />
                  </InputGroup>
                  <InputGroup className="mb-4">
                    <Input type="text" placeholder="City" name="City" id="City" value={employee.City} onChange={onChange} />
                  </InputGroup>
                  <InputGroup className="mb-4">
                    <Input type="text" placeholder="Country" name="Country" id="Country" value={employee.Country} onChange={onChange} />
                  </InputGroup>
                  <InputGroup className="mb-4">
                    <Input type="text" placeholder="Gender" name="Gender" id="Gender" value={employee.Gender} onChange={onChange} />
                  </InputGroup>
                  <CardFooter className="p-4">
                    <Row>
                      <Col xs="12" sm="6">
                        <Button type="submit" className="btn btn-info mb-1" block><span>Save</span></Button>
                      </Col>
                      <Col xs="12" sm="6">
                        <Button className="btn btn-info mb-1" block><span>Cancel</span></Button>
                      </Col>
                    </Row>
                  </CardFooter>
                </Form>
              </CardBody>
            </Card>
          </Col>
        </Row>
      </Container>
    </div>
  )
}
export default EditEmployee

Create a table in the Database

Open SQL Server Management Studio, create a database named "dbcore ", and in this database, create a table. Give that table a name like "Employees".

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Employees](
    [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
      NULL,
      NULL,
    [Age] [int] NULL,
      NULL,
      NULL,
      NULL,
    CONSTRAINT [PK_Employees] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
    (
        [Id] ASC
    )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO

Create an Asp.net Web API project

Now open Visual Studio and create a new project.

New

Change the name to ReactHooks.

Change the name to reacthooks

Choose the template as Web API.

Web API

Right-click the Models folder from Solution Explorer and go to Add >> New Item >> data.

New Item

Click on the "ADO.NET Entity Data Model" option and click "Add".

ADO DOT NET entity data model

Select EF Designer from the database and click the "Next" button. Add the connection properties select database name on the next page and click OK.

Models

Check the "Table" checkbox. The internal options will be selected by default. Now, click the "Finish" button.

Tables

Now, our data model is successfully created. Right-click on the Models folder and add two classes - Emp and Response respectively. Now, paste the following codes into these classes.

Emp class

public class Emp
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Department { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }
    public string City { get; set; }
    public string Country { get; set; }
    public string Gender { get; set; }
}

Response Class

public class Response
{
    public string Status { get; set; }
    public string Message { get; set; }
}

Right-click on the Controllers folder and add a new controller. Name it as "Hooks controller" and add the following namespace in the Hooks controller.

using ReactHooks.Models;

Now, add a method to insert and update data into the database.

[HttpPost]
public object CreateEmp(Emp e)
{
    try
    {
        if (e.Id == 0)
        {
            Employee em = new Employee();
            em.Name = e.Name;
            em.Department = e.Department;
            em.Age = e.Age;
            em.City = e.City;
            em.Country = e.Country;
            em.Gender = e.Gender;
            DB.Employees.Add(em);
            DB.SaveChanges();
            return new Response
            {
                Status = "Success",
                Message = "Data save Successfully"
            };
        }
        else
        {
            var obj = DB.Employees.Where(x => x.Id == e.Id).ToList().FirstOrDefault();
            if (obj.Id > 0)
            {
                obj.Name = e.Name;
                obj.Department = e.Department;
                obj.Age = e.Age;
                obj.City = e.City;
                obj.Country = e.Country;
                obj.Gender = e.Gender;
                DB.SaveChanges();
                return new Response
                {
                    Status = "Updated",
                    Message = "Updated Successfully"
                };
            }
        }
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        Console.Write(ex.Message);
    }
    return new Response
    {
        Status = "Error",
        Message = "Data not insert"
    };
}

Add the other three methods to delete and fetch data and fetch data by id respectively from the database.

[HttpGet]
[Route("employee")]
public object Getrecord()
{
    var emp = DB.Employees.ToList();
    return emp;
}

[HttpDelete]
public object Deleteemployee(int id)
{
    var obj = DB.Employees.Where(x => x.Id == id).ToList().FirstOrDefault();
    DB.Employees.Remove(obj);
    DB.SaveChanges();
    return new Response
    {
        Status = "Delete",
        Message = "Delete Successfuly"
    };
}

[Route("employeedetails")]
[HttpGet]
public object employeedetailById(int id)
{
    var obj = DB.Employees.Where(x => x.Id == id).ToList().FirstOrDefault();
    return obj;
}

Complete Hooks controller code

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web.Http;
using ReactHooks.Models;
namespace ReactHooks.Controllers
{
    [RoutePrefix("Api/Hooks")]
    public class HooksController : ApiController
    {
        dbCoreEntities DB = new dbCoreEntities();
        [HttpPost]
        public object CreateEmp(Emp e)
        {
            try
            {
                if (e.Id == 0)
                {
                    Employee em = new Employee();
                    em.Name = e.Name;
                    em.Department = e.Department;
                    em.Age = e.Age;
                    em.City = e.City;
                    em.Country = e.Country;
                    em.Gender = e.Gender;
                    DB.Employees.Add(em);
                    DB.SaveChanges();
                    return new Response
                    {
                        Status = "Success",
                        Message = "Data Successfully"
                    };
                }
                else
                {
                    var obj = DB.Employees.Where(x => x.Id == e.Id).ToList().FirstOrDefault();
                    if (obj.Id > 0)
                    {
                        obj.Name = e.Name;
                        obj.Department = e.Department;
                        obj.Age = e.Age;
                        obj.City = e.City;
                        obj.Country = e.Country;
                        obj.Gender = e.Gender;
                        DB.SaveChanges();
                        return new Response
                        {
                            Status = "Updated",
                            Message = "Updated Successfully"
                        };
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.Write(ex.Message);
            }
            return new Response
            {
                Status = "Error",
                Message = "Data not insert"
            };
        }
        [HttpGet]
        [Route("employee")]
        public object Getrecord()
        {
            var emp = DB.Employees.ToList();
            return emp;
        }
        [HttpDelete]
        public object Deleteemployee(int id)
        {
            var obj = DB.Employees.Where(x => x.Id == id).ToList().FirstOrDefault();
            DB.Employees.Remove(obj);
            DB.SaveChanges();
            return new Response
            {
                Status = "Delete",
                Message = "Delete Successfuly"
            };
        }
        [Route("employeedetails")]
        [HttpGet]
        public object employeedetailById(int id)
        {
            var obj = DB.Employees.Where(x => x.Id == id).ToList().FirstOrDefault();
            return obj;
        }
    }
}

Now, let's enable CORS. Go to Tools, open NuGet Package Manager, search for CORS and install the "Microsoft.Asp.Net.WebApi.Cors" package. Open Webapiconfig.cs and add the following lines.

EnableCorsAttribute cors = new EnableCorsAttribute("*", "*", "*");
config.EnableCors(cors);

Now go to Vs code and run the project by using the following command 'Npm start' and check

Enter some data in the textbox and click on the save button

Add Employee

Click on the Edit button to update values or the delete button to delete the value

Update values and delete button

Update employee

Summary

In this article, we learned about React hooks and performed CRUD operations using Hooks and Web API. Hooks are a new concept that was introduced in React 16.8. Hooks are an alternative to classes.

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