Introduction
In this article, we will learn about the Java programming language. It is a high-level, class-based, and object-oriented programming language. Java is a secure and robust language. Java runs on multiple platforms. It means that it can work on any software or hardware platform. It has a virtual machine specification. It has its runtime environment JRE (Java Runtime Environment) and an API (Application Programming Interface) Specification.
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When is Java used?
Java is developed for small embedded systems like set-top boxes, but nowadays, many Java devices are used in the market. Java is now used in set-top-boxes, many digital devices, mobiles, games, etc.
C vs Java
| Comparison |
C |
Java |
| Platform-independent |
C is a platform-dependent language. |
Java is a platform-independent language. |
| Oops |
C is a procedural programming language. |
Java is an object-oriented programming language. |
| Programming paradigm |
C is a procedure-oriented programming language. |
Java is a data-oriented programming language. |
| Approach |
C follows a top-bottom approach. |
Java follows the bottom-top approach. |
| Memory management |
C follows user-based memory management. |
Java internally manages the memory. |
| Pointers |
C makes use of pointers. We can write a pointer program in C. |
Java supports pointers internally, but we can't write a program in Java. |
| Portability |
C is a platform-dependent language, so it is not portable. |
Java is a platform-independent language, so it is portable. |
| Call by value and Call by reference |
C supports call by value and call by reference both. |
Java supports only calls by value. |
| Structure and union |
C supports structures and unions |
Java doesn't support structures and unions. |
| Thread support |
C doesn't have built-in support for the threads. |
It has built-in thread support. |
| Memory Allocation |
In C, Memory allocation is done by the malloc function. |
In Java, memory allocation is done by a new keyword. |
| Hello World Program |
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("Hello, World!");
return 0;
} |
class A {
public static void main(String args[]){
System.out.println("Hello World");
}
} |
C++ vs Java
| Comparison |
C++ |
Java |
| Platform-independent |
C++ is a platform-dependent language. |
Java is a platform-independent language. |
| Used for |
C++ is mostly used for System programming. |
Java is mainly used for application programming. |
| goto statement |
C++ supports the goto statement. |
Java doesn't support the goto statement. |
| Multiple inheritances |
C++ supports multiple inheritances. |
Java doesn't support multiple inheritances. |
| Operator overloading |
++ supports operators overloading. |
Java doesn't support operator overloading. |
| Pointers |
C++ makes use of pointers. We can write a pointer program inC++. |
Java supports pointers internally, but we can't write a program in Java. |
| Compiler and interpreter |
C++ uses only the compiler. |
Java uses both a compiler and an interpreter. |
| Call by value and Call by reference |
C++ supports the call by value and call by reference both. |
Java supports only calls by value. |
| Structure and union |
C++ supports structures and unions. |
Java doesn't support structures and unions. |
| Thread support |
It doesn't have built-in support for the threads. |
It has built-in thread support. |
| Documentation comment/td> |
C++ doesn't support documentation comments. |
Java supports documentation comments. |
| Hello World Program |
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "Hello World\n";
return 0;
} |
class A {
public static void main(String args[]){
System.out.println("Hello World");
}
} |
Kotlin vs Java
Kotlin has no provision for static members.
Java supports static members in the program.
| Comparison |
Kotlin |
Java |
| Checked exception |
Kotlin has no provision for checked exceptions. Therefore, there is no need for a catch block or to declare any exception. |
Java finds it infuriating to use try/catch blocks in the code. The omission made by Kotlin can be considered a welcome change. |
| Code Conciseness |
Comparing a Java class with an equivalent Kotlin class demonstrates the conciseness of Kotlin code. |
Compared to a Kotlin class, Java class code is large. |
| Data classes |
Full-size projects have several classes that are solely meant to hold data. |
In Java, a developer needs to write a lot of boilerplate code. |
| Extension function |
Kotlin allows developers to extend a class with new functionality via extension functions. |
Extension functions are not available in Java. |
| Implicit Widening Conversions |
There is no support for implicit widening conversions for numbers in Kotlin. |
Java has support for implicit conversions. |
| Non-private Fields |
Kotlin doesn't have non-private fields. |
Non-private fields in Java are useful in scenarios where the callers of an object need to change accordingly to its representation. |
| Static members |
Kotlin has no provision for static members. |
Java supports static members in the program. |
| Ternary operator |
Kotlin doesn't have a ternary operator. |
Java uses the ternary operator in the program. |
| Primitive Types |
Variables of a primitive type are objects. |
Variables of a primitive type aren't objects. |
| Support for Constructors |
It can have one or more secondary constructors. |
You can't have secondary constructors. Although, we can have multiple constructors (constructor overloading). |
Python vs Java
| Comparison |
Python |
Java |
| Program run time |
Python program runs slower than Java. |
Java program runs faster than Python. |
| Program development time |
It takes less time than Java. |
It takes more time to develop the same program as compared to Python. |
| Length of the code |
Python code is 3-4 times shorter than Java code. |
Java code is larger than Python. |
| Typed |
Python is a dynamically typed language |
Java is a statically typed language. |
| Compiler and interpreter |
Python is an interpreted language. |
Java is Compiled language. |
| Object-oriented |
Python is the Scripting and object-oriented programming language. |
Java is an Object-oriented programming language. |
| Operator overloading |
Python support operator overloading. |
Java doesn't support operator overloading. |
| Indentation |
Python uses Indentation for structuring code |
Java uses braces for structuring code. |
| Hello World Program |
print("Hello World") |
class A {
public static void main(String args[]){
System.out.println("Hello World");
}
} |
JavaScript vs Java
| Comparison |
JavaScript |
Java |
| Oops |
Javascript is specifically an object-oriented Scripting language. |
Java is an object-oriented programming language. |
| Running platform |
Javascript runs on a web browser and doesn't need any initial setup. |
Java program and application runs on JVM(Java Virtual Machine), which requires JDK and JRE. |
| Compilation |
Javascript is interpreted as a scripting language that is plain text code. |
Java code is compiled and interpreted as it is a programming language. |
| Typed |
Javascript is a weakly typed language |
Java is a strongly typed language. |
| Syntax |
Javascript language syntax is similar to C language, but the naming convention is similar to Java Programming language. |
Java language syntaxes are similar to C and C++ languages. Java programs will be in class and objects. |
| File extension |
JavaScript file has file extension ".js," which is interpreted but not compiled; every browser has a Javascript interpreter to execute JS code. |
Java program has the file extension ".Java" and translates source code into bytecodes executed by JVM(Java Virtual Machine). |
| Supportive languages |
Javascript is contained within a web page and integrates with its HTML content. |
Java is a Standalone language. |
| Memory |
JavaScript requires less memory. Therefore, it is used in web pages. |
Java program uses more memory. |
| Hello World Program |
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<body>
<p>Before the script...</p>
<script>
alert( 'Hello, world!' );
</script>
<p>...After the script.</p>
</body>
</html> |
class A {
public static void main(String args[]){
System.out.println("Hello World");
}
} |
Node Js vs Java
| Comparison |
Node JS |
Java |
| Creation |
Node JS frameworks written in C/C++ and Javascript language. |
Java is a Class-based object-oriented programming language derived from c++. |
| Software Requirement |
Node JS needs to install an archive file on a system. |
Java program and application runs on JVM (Java Virtual Machine), which requires JDK and JRE on a system. |
| Frameworks |
Node JS has many frameworks like Express.js, Sails.js, Partial.js, etc. |
Java has frameworks like Spring, Struts, JSF, Tapestry, etc. |
| Application |
Node JS is more suited for an application like real-time collaborative drawing/editing like Google Docs. |
In Java, we can simplify application development with an Object-Oriented approach. |
| Scope |
Node JS developers can utilize it on the client and server-side |
Java is a dominant server-side interaction. |
| Multi-threading |
Node JS is single threaded language. |
Java supports multi-threading in Programming. |
| Based |
Node.js applications are event-based and run asynchronously. |
Java is a Standalone language. |
| Running platform |
Node JS is a cross-platform runtime system and environment for applications written in JavaScript. |
Java is an Object-Oriented language that needs to be compiled and run inside JRE (Java Runtime Environment) |
| Hello World Program |
var http = require("http");
http.createServer(function (request, response) {
response.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
response.end('Hello World\n');
}).listen(8081);
console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:8081/'); |
class A {
public static void main(String args[]){
System.out.println("Hello World");
}
} |
C# vs Java
| Comparison |
C# |
Java |
| Creation |
C# object-oriented, component-oriented, functional, and strong typing language. |
Java is a Class-based object-oriented programming language derived from c++. |
| Software Requirement |
C# used huge library frameworks provided by .Net. |
Java program and application runs on JVM(Java Virtual Machine), which requires JDK and JRE. |
| Application |
IN C# web and game development, famous for mobile development. |
In Java, we can simplify application development with an Object-Oriented approach. |
| Scope |
C# server-side language with a good programming foundation. |
Java has dominant server-side interaction. |
| Cross-platform |
Compared to Java, C# needs to improve on this feature. |
Java is highly efficient for cross-platform with its byte code. |
| Usage |
Games, mobile development, virtual reality. |
Messaging, web application, highly concurrent application. |
| Hello World Program |
using System;
namespace HelloWorldApp {
class A {
static void Main(string[] args) {
Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
} |
class A {
public static void main(String args[]){
System.out.println("Hello World");
}
} |
Summary
In this article, we learned about Java programming language and how Java programming language is different from other programming languages like C++, Python, Javascript, and Node JS.