The Gang Of Four (GoF) defined
the Adaptor pattern as follows in their most famous book "Design Patterns" Gamma
et al., Addison-Wesley, ISBN:0-201-63361-2" - "Convert the interface of a class
into another interface clients expect. Adapter lets classes work together that
couldn't otherwise because of incompatible interfaces."
During object-oriented developments, some times we have to use an
unrelated class along with our existing class hierarchy. The simplest solution
is to make a wrapper or adaptor around the foreign class, which is acceptable by
the existing class hierarchy. This is what known as the ADAPTOR PATTERN or
WRAPPER PATTERN.
Let us see the following class hierarchy.
How we can fit a foreign class or interface say ADAPTEE to this class
hierarchy. It is possible by introducing an ADAPTOR class as shown below.
In the above case the ADAPTOR class inherits from both BASE CLASS &
ADAPTEE class. This type of mechanism based on the multiple inheritances is
known as class adaptors. Remember that this may be introducing the violation of
Open Closed Principle (OCP) or Lisknov's Substitution Principle (LSP). But if we
are using class adaptors, better to use a private inheritance with respect to
the ADAPTEE class.
Instead of inheriting from the ADAPTEE class, the ADAPTOR class can
contain an instance of ADAPTEE class and use that instance. This mechanism
employs the object adaptors. The UML representation of Object adaptor is shown
below.
In class adaptor, it is possible to override some of the behaviors of the
ADAPTEE class in ADAPTOR class. But class adaptor will not work when we want to
adapt ADAPTEE class and all its derived classes.
But an object adaptor can work with the ADAPTEE class and all its
subclasses.
Non-software Example
Socket wrenches provide an example of the Adapter. A socket
attaches to a ratchet, provided that the size of the drive is the same. Typical
drive sizes in the United States are 1/2" and 1/4". Obviously, a 1/2" drive
ratchet will not fit into a 1/4" drive socket unless an adapter is used. A 1/2"
to 1/4" adapter has a 1/2" female connection to fit on the 1/2" drive ratchet,
and a 1/4" male connection to fit in the 1/4" drive socket. [Michael Duell,
"Non-software examples of software design patterns", Object Magazine, Jul 97,
p54].
Known Uses
Distributed object databases like CORBA use Adaptors to integrate
native language objects into the database. Adaptors are also used to make
non-objects, like text files, look like objects.
VB.NET
Implementation
'
This is an example for Object Adaptor
' Structural Pattern: ADAPTOR
' Author: [email protected]
Imports System
'the
class which is acceptable by the client
Interface Existing
Sub Method()
'thrird
class which we have to be accepted by the client
Class Adaptee
Public Sub ForeignMethod()
Console.WriteLine("Foreign Adapted Method")
End Sub 'ForeignMethod
End Class 'Adaptee
'Object
Adaptor
'Adaptor class which makes the Adaptee class accessible by the client
'inherit from Existing class
Class Adaptor
Inherits Existing
Public Sub Method()
ad.ForeignMethod()
End Sub 'Method
Private ad As New Adaptee
End Class 'Adaptor
'Client
class
Class Client
Public Sub ClientMethod(ByVal e1 As Existing)
e1.Method()
End Sub 'ClientMethod
End Class 'Client
Class MyMain
Public Shared Sub Main()
Dim gc As New Client
Dim e1
= New Adaptor
gc.ClientMethod(e1)
End Sub 'Main
End Class 'MyMain
End Interface 'Existing