Introduction to How Java Operators Work

Introduction

 

This article explains the basic Java operators.

 

What is an Operator?

 

An operator is a method that manipulates values. Let's use the example of addition, in which we add two values (like 1+2) where the values are operands and the "+" sign is the operator, in other words, the operator is a method used to operate on operands.

 

Operators in Java

 

Java provides various types of operators to manipulate various values.

• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Bitwise Operators.
• Logical Operators.
• Assignment Operators.
• Miscellaneous Operators.

1. Arithmetic Operators

 

It is used in mathematical expressions in the same way it is used in algebra. It includes the following:

• Addition (+)
• Subtraction (-)
• Manipulation (*)
• Division (/)
• Modulus (%)
• Increment (++)
• Decrement (--)

Example

 

ArithmeticEx.java

public class ArithmeticEx
{
 public static void main(String args[])
 {
  int i = 15;
  int j = 25;
  int k = 35;
  int l = 10;
  System.out.println("i + j = " + (i + j));
  System.out.println("i - j = " + (i - j));
  System.out.println("i * j = " + (i * j));
  System.out.println("j / i = " + (j / i));
  System.out.println("j % i = " + (j % i));
  System.out.println("k % i = " + (k % i));
  System.out.println("i++ = " + (i++));
  System.out.println("j-- = " + (i--));
 }
}

Output

 

  

2. Relational Operators

 

This operator is used to compare two values.

• > (Greater Than operator).
• < (Less Than operator).
• == (EqualTo operator)
• != (Not EqualsTo operator; Work same as EqualTo operator).
• >= (Greater than EuqalTo).
• <= (Less Than EqualTo).

Example

 

RelationalOperatorEx.java

public class RelationalOperatorEx
{
 public static void main(String args[])
 {
  int i = 10;
  int j = 20;
  System.out.println("i == j = " + (i == j));
  System.out.println("i != j = " + (i != j));
  System.out.println("i > j = " + (i > j));
  System.out.println("i < j = " + (i < j));
  System.out.println("j >= i = " + (j >= i));
  System.out.println("j <= i = " + (j <= i));
 }
}

Output

 

3. Bitwise Operator

 

This operator works on bits to perform bit by bit operations.

• >>> (Shift right zero fill operaotr).
• << (Binary Left Shift Operator).
• >> (binary right shift operator)

• && (Binary and operator)
• || (Binary Or).
• ^ (Binary XOR).
• ~ (Binary Ones Complement; used to flipping bits).

Example

BitwiseOperatorEx.java
public class BitwiseOperatorEx
{
 public static void main(String args[])
 {
  int i = 45;
  int l = 15;
  int k = 0;
  k = i & l;
  System.out.println("i & l = " + k);
  k = i | l;
  System.out.println("i | l = " + k);
  k = i ^ l;
  System.out.println("i ^ l = " + k);
  k = ~i;
  System.out.println("~i = " + k);
  k = i << 2;
  System.out.println("i << 2 = " + k);
  k = i >> 2;
  System.out.println("i >> 2 = " + k);
  k = i >>> 2;
  System.out.println("i >>> 2 = " + k);
 }
}

Output

 

4. Logical Operators

 

This operator works on Boolean conditions (like true/false conditions).

• || (Logical Or)

          True if any of the two operands are positive.

• && (Logical And operator)

          True if both the operands are positive.

• ! ( Logical Not Operator)

          If a condition is true then the logical Not operator will return false.

Example

 

LogicalOperator.java

public class LogicalOperatorEx
{
 public static void main(String args[])
 {
  boolean i = true;
  boolean j = false;
  System.out.println("i || j = " + (i || j));
  System.out.println("i && j = " + (i && j));
  System.out.println("!(i && j) = " + !(i && j));
 }
}

Output

 

5. Assignment Operator

 

The following are the assignment operators provided by Java.

• *= (Multiply assignment operator)
• /= (Divide assignment operator)
• |= (bitwise inclusive OR assignment operator).
• = ( Simple assignment operator)
• >>= ( Right shift assignment operator)
• += ( Add assignment operator)
• -= ( Subtract assignment operator)
• %= (Modulus assignment operator)
• <<= (Left shift assignment operator).
• &=  (Bitwise assignment operator).
• ^= ( bitwise exclusive OR assignment operator).

Example

 

AssignmentOperatorEx.java

public class AssignmentOperatorEx
{
 public static void main(String args[])
 {
  int i = 15;
  int j = 25;
  int k = 0;
  k = i + j;
  System.out.println("k = i + j = " + k);
  k += i;
  System.out.println("k += i  = " + k);
  k -= i;
  System.out.println("k -= i = " + k);
  k *= i;
  System.out.println("k *= i = " + k);
  i = 15;
  k = 15;
  k /= i;
  System.out.println("k /= i = " + k);
  i = 15;
  k = 15;
  k %= i;
  System.out.println("k %= i  = " + k);
  k <<= 2;
  System.out.println("k <<= 2 = " + k);
  k >>= 2;
  System.out.println("k >>= 2 = " + k);
  k >>= 2;
  System.out.println("k >>= i = " + k);
  k &= i;
  System.out.println("k &= 2  = " + k);
  k ^= i;
  System.out.println("k ^= i   = " + k);
  k |= i;
  System.out.println("k |= i   = " + k);
 }
}

Output