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Working With Tree in Java

Introduction

 
This article describes working with a Tree structure in Java. The Tree is a very common component and I think all of you have seen them in many applications. A control that displays a set of hierarchical data as an outline. You can find task-oriented documentation and examples of using trees in Ebooks content.
 
A specific node in a tree can be identified either by a TreePath (an object that encapsulates a node and all of its ancestors), or by its display row, where each row in the display area displays one node. An expanded node is a non-leaf node (as identified by TreeModel.isLeaf(node) returning false) that will display its children when all its ancestors are expanded. A collapsed node is one which hides them. A hidden node is one which is under a collapsed ancestor. All of a viewable nodes parents are expanded, but may or may not be displayed. A displayed node is both viewable and in the display area, where it can be seen.  
 

Components Descriptions of the tree

 
JTree: The tree is a graphical representation of data with the hierarchical properties by adding nodes to nodes and keeps the relation as parent and child.
 
Node: A node is an object and is available at any position within the JTree where the data associated is represented.
 
Path: The path is a collection of a contiguous set of nodes that contains one or many nodes. The path is empty or null when the path does not have a node.
 
Leaf: This is a special type of node at the end of a path. A leaf node is not connected to other nodes.
 
Root: This is the node at the highest point within the hierarchy in a tree.
 
Parent: It represents the relationship of node with another node. In object-oriented programming concepts, the parent is a super class
 
Child: It represents the relationship of node with another node. In object-oriented programming concepts, the child is a subclass of its parent. It inherits all the properties of its parent.
 

Creating Tree in Java

 
Step 1: Import the necessary package.
 
In Java it provides a spate package with in swing named as tree.
  1. import javax.swing.*;  
  2. import javax.swing.tree.*;  
Step 2: Create the DefaultMutableTreeNode objects as required.
  1. DefaultMutableTreeNode c = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Collage", true);  
  2. DefaultMutableTreeNode d = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Department");  
  3. DefaultMutableTreeNode f = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Faculty");  
  4. DefaultMutableTreeNode a = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Acoountant");  
  5. DefaultMutableTreeNode r = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Resgistrar");  
  6. DefaultMutableTreeNode m = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Managenent");  
  7. DefaultMutableTreeNode s = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Security");  
Step 3: Now add all the nodes according your requirements for making a parent-child relation.
  1. c.add(d);  
  2. d.add(f);  
  3. d.add(a);  
  4. d.add(m);  
  5. m.add(s );  
  6. c.add(a);  
Step 4: Create an object of the JTree class by passing the parent node (c) in JTree.
  1. JTree mytree = new JTree(c);  
Step 5: At last you create a frame and add the tree into the frame.
  1. JFrame frame = new JFrame("Demo of JTree Component!");  
  2. frame.add(mytree);  
  3. frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  
  4. frame.setUndecorated(true);  
  5. frame.getRootPane().setWindowDecorationStyle(JRootPane.PLAIN_DIALOG);  
  6. frame.setSize(450,450);  
  7. frame.setVisible(true);  
Step 6: Now you can combine the code and run your Jtree Demo program.
 
Complete code
  1. import javax.swing.*;  
  2. import javax.swing.tree.*;  
  3. public class TreeComponent  
  4. {  
  5.     public static void main(String[] args)  
  6.     {  
  7.         DefaultMutableTreeNode c = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Collage", true);  
  8.         DefaultMutableTreeNode d = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Department");  
  9.         DefaultMutableTreeNode f = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Faculty");  
  10.         DefaultMutableTreeNode a = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Acoountant");  
  11.         DefaultMutableTreeNode r = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Resgistrar");  
  12.         DefaultMutableTreeNode m = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Managenent");  
  13.         DefaultMutableTreeNode s = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Security");  
  14.         c.add(d);  
  15.         d.add(f);  
  16.         d.add(a);  
  17.         d.add(m);  
  18.         m.add(s);  
  19.         c.add(a);  
  20.         JTree mytree = new JTree(c);  
  21.         JFrame frame = new JFrame("Demo of JTree Component!");  
  22.         frame.add(mytree);  
  23.         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  
  24.         frame.setUndecorated(true);
  25.         frame.getRootPane().setWindowDecorationStyle(JRootPane.PLAIN_DIALOG);  
  26.         frame.setSize(450, 450);  
  27.         frame.setVisible(true);  
  28.     }  
  29. }  
Output
 
cmd output
 
Tree in Java
 
Initial output
 
Tree in Java 
 
After Expanding the tree
 
Tree in Java 
 
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