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Demonstrate Arrays in PHP

This article shows arrays in PHP, including:

  • Create arrays.
  • Sort arrays.
  • Traverse array.
  • Merge, splice, slice and dissect arrays.
  • Output and test for an array.

Introduction

An array is a collection of values of the same data type. In PHP the array concept goes further in the manner that in PHP an array stores each item as a key and value pair. Keys can be numeric vales or can be associative (as a string). These numeric values determine the position of each item in the array.

Creating an Array in PHP

Numeric index example

  1. $user=array(0=>"sandeep",1=>"rahul",2=>"pankaj");  
  2. Or  
  3. $user[0] = " sandeep";  
  4. $user[1] = " rahul";  
  5. $user[2] = " pankaj";  
This stores values of multiple names in each index. If the index is not provided then it will automatically increment the index for continuous value assignment as in the following:
  1. $user[] = " sandeep";  
  2. $user[] = " rahul";  
  3. $user[] = " pankaj";   
Associative Index example

By associative index we provide a meaning to every index, like if we want to denote multiple countries by their nickname then it will be as follows:

$country=array("IND"=>"INDIA","US"=>"UNITED STATES");

Then we can access INDIA by referencing $country["IND"].

Multidimensional Array

We can create arrays of arrays, in other words multidimensional arrays. For example we can make a student's marks in various subjects as follows.
  1. <?php  
  2.     $student=array  
  3.     (  
  4.        "HINDI"=>array("marks"=>"96","grade"=>"1st"),  
  5.        "ENGLISH"=>array("marks"=>"92","grade"=>"1st")  
  6.     );  
  7.     foreach($student as $subject=>$sub)  
  8.     {  
  9.        foreach($sub as $marks=>$number)  
  10.        {  
  11.            echo "$marks = "," $number ";  
  12.        }  
  13.        echo "  
  14.        <br/>";  
  15.     }  
  16. ?>
The output will be as follows:

marks = 96 grade = 1st
marks = 92 grade = 1st

Here we can reference a single item as follows:

$student["HINDI"]["marks"]

This gives the output:

96

Here basically we use either a numeric or an associative index but the key features present here is an array pointer although we actually didn’t use it.

Get array element using list()

TList has the same functionality as an array. list() provides a convenient method to assign one by one a variable value in the list extracted from an array in just one operation. This is maybe usually used when extracting data from a database of from file.

The following is an example:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $array = [  
  3.     ["hello", "hey"],  
  4.     ["yes", "hello"],  
  5.     ];  
  6.     foreach ($array as list($a, $b))   
  7.     {  
  8.         // $a contains the first element of the nested array,  
  9.         // and $b contains the second element.  
  10.        echo "A: $a; B: $b\n";  
  11.     }  
  12. ?>
The output is as follows:

A: hello; B: hey A: yes; B: hello

Explanation: Here we define a 2D array and its value is assigned one by one in the list and then we print those elements. If we simply implement it as in in the previous example.

list($a)

then it only prints:

A: hello; A: yes;

range() function for array

The range function makes a quick array filled with integer numbers. It’s syntax looks like:

range(int low, int high [,int step])

For example we want to make an array that contain 6 numbers as in the following:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $id=range(1,6);  
  3.     // Same as specifying $id = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)  
  4.     $id1=range(1,8,2);  
  5.     $id2=range("A","Z",3);  
  6.     foreach($id as $value)  
  7.     echo "$value ";  
  8.     echo "  
  9.     <br/>";  
  10.     foreach($id1 as $value)  
  11.         echo "$value ";  
  12.         echo "  
  13.     <br/>";  
  14.     foreach($id2 as $value)  
  15.         echo "$value ";
  16. ?>
That gives the following output:

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 3 5 7
A D G J M P S V Y

Output Explanation: In the preceding example for $id we just provide a range from 1 to 6 and the difference between each number is 1 by default.
For $id1 we start from 1 to 8 but there is the difference between 2 that we provided to it.

For $id2 we print the range from A to Z and the difference between each character is 3. This difference and calculation is basically done on each character ASCII value.

The range() function not always increments the ASCII, it makes a loop from the start value to the end value.

Testing for an array

Sometimes we need to verify whether the given variable is an array. Then this can be verified using the built-in function is_array(). It’s syntax looks as follows.

Boolean is_array(variable)

The preceding function returns true if the passed variable is an array else it returns false.
  1. <?php  
  2.     $states = array("Rajasthan");  
  3.     $state = "Haryana";  
  4.     printf("\$states is an array: %s   
  5.     <br />", (is_array($states) ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"));  
  6.     printf("\$state is an array: %s   
  7.     <br />", (is_array($state) ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"));   
  8. ?>
This gives the following output:

$states is an array: TRUE
$state is an array: FALSE

Outputting an array

The output of array's element can be done by iterating each key and this is simply accomplished by a foreach() loop. This can be as follows:
  1. <?php   
  2.     $id=range(6,1);  
  3.     foreach($id as $value)  
  4.         echo "$value ";  
  5. ?>
This gives the following output:

6 5 4 3 2 1

For arrays of array elements we can use the vprintf() function that allows us to easily display array contents using the same formatting syntax used by the printf() and sprintf() functions. If we want to send the output to the string, in other words store it in a string then we can use the vsprintf() function as in the following:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $user = array();  
  3.     $user[] = array("sandeep jangid", "[email protected]", "98989898");  
  4.     $user[] = array("sanjeev baldia", "[email protected]", "818546454");  
  5.     $user[] = array("rahul prajapat", "[email protected]", "212545485");  
  6.     foreach ($user AS $customer)   
  7.     {  
  8.         vprintf("  
  9.         <p>Name: %s  
  10.         <br />E-mail: %s  
  11.         <br />Phone: %s  
  12.         </p>", $customer);  
  13.     }  
  14. ?>
This produces following output:

Name: sandeep jangid
E-mail: [email protected]
Phone: 98989898

Name: sanjeev baldia
E-mail: [email protected]
Phone: 818546454

Name: rahul prajapat
E-mail: [email protected]
Phone: 212545485

The print_r() function

The print_r() function accepts a variable and sends its contents to standard output, returning TRUE on success and FALSE otherwise. It is usually used for testing an array output. It makes an array content into readable format. It’s syntax looks like this.

boolean print_r(mixed variable [, boolean return])

The following:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $country=array("IND"=>"INDIA","US"=>"UNITED STATES");  
  3.     print_r($country);  
  4. ?>
Produces the following output:

Array ( [IND] => INDIA [US] => UNITED STATES )

If we want only to output the array values then this can be done using the optional parameter of print_r(variable, true) function to true otherwise false.

So if we use print_r($country,true) as in our previously example then it produces the following output:

INDIA UNITED STATES

Adding or removing array element

PHP provides a number of functions to shift, pop, push, shrink an array.

Those methods are:
  1. array_unshift()=adds elements to the front of the array.
  2. array_push()=adds values to the end of the array and returns the total count of the array element.
  3. array_shift()=removes and returns the first item found in an array.
  4. array_pop()=removes and returns the last element from an array.

Note: In all the preceding array functions, after performing any add and remove operation, the index values of the array will be modified depending on their respective function but associative keys never get a change.

Let’s see, the following:

  1. <?php  
  2.     $arr=array("user1","user2","user3","user4","user5");  
  3.     array_unshift($arr,"user0");  
  4.     //this give array("user0","user1","user2","user3","user4","user5")  
  5.     array_push($arr,"user6");  
  6.     //this give array("user0","user1","user2","user3","user4","user5","user6")  
  7.     array_shift($arr);  
  8.     //this give array("user1","user2","user3","user4","user5","user6")  
  9.     array_pop($arr);  
  10.     //this give array("user1","user2","user3","user4","user5")  
  11.     foreach($arr as $arr)  
  12.         echo "$arr ";  
  13. ?>
Gives the following output:

user1 user2 user3 user4 user5

Locating array element

Searching an array element: The in_array() function searches an array for a specific value, returning TRUE if the value is found and FALSE if fails to be found. Its syntax is as follows.

boolean in_array(string to be found, in which array want to found [, boolean strict])

Here the third parameter strict is to make our searching type specific or not.

Consider the following example:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $arr=array("user1","user2","user3","user4");  
  3.     if(in_array("user55",$arr))  
  4.         echo "element found";  
  5.     else  
  6.         echo "Element not found";   
  7. ?>  
That gives the following output:

Element not found

Searching associative array keys

This uses the array_key_exists() function to find a specific key in an associative array. For example:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $arr=array("user1"=>"sandeep","user2"=>"pankaj","user3"=>"rahul","user4"=>"neeraj");  
  3.     if(array_key_exists("user1",$arr))  
  4.         echo "element found";  
  5.     else  
  6.         echo "element not found";  
  7. ?>
This gives the following output:

elemant found

Searching associative array values

This uses the array_key_exists() function to find a specific value in an associative array and returns it’s key. For example:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $arr=array("user1"=>"sandeep","user2"=>"pankaj","user3"=>"rahul","user4"=>"neeraj");  
  3.     $hel=array_search("sandeep",$arr);  
  4.     echo "$hel";  
  5. ?>  
This gives the following output:

user1

Retrieving array keys

The array_keys() function returns an array consisting of all keys located in an array. Its prototype follows.

array array_keys(array variable [, search_value to be specific search [, boolean preserve_keys]])

Here search_value if included then only the keys that will be matched are shown. Setting the optional preserve_keys parameter to true will cause the array value's keys to be preserved in the returned array. The following:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $arr=array("user1"=>"sandeep","user2"=>"pankaj","user3"=>"rahul","user4"=>"neeraj");  
  3.     $hel=array_keys($arr);  
  4.     print_r($hel);  
  5. ?>
Produces the following output:

Array ( [0] => user1 [1] => user2 [2] => user3 [3] => user4 )

Retrieving array values: The array_values() function returns an array consisting of all keys located in an array. The following:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $arr=array("user1"=>"sandeep","user2"=>"pankaj","user3"=>"rahul","user4"=>"neeraj");  
  3.     $hel=array_values($arr);  
  4.     print_r($hel);  
  5. ?>  
Produces the following output:

Array ( [0] => sandeep [1] => pankaj [2] => rahul [3] => neeraj )

Traversing Array

Get current array key

To get the current array key we use the key() function to provide the first index value and in the following example we use next() to increment the key. 

The following:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $arr=array("user1"=>"sandeep","user2"=>"pankaj","user3"=>"rahul","user4"=>"neeraj");  
  3.     while($keykey = key($arr))   
  4.     {  
  5.         printf("%s   
  6.         <br />", $key);  
  7.         next($arr);  
  8.     }  
  9. ?>
Produces the output as follows:

user1
user2
user3
user4

Get current array value

To get the current array key we use the current() function to give us the first index value and in the following example we use next() to increment the key. 

The following:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $arr=array("user1"=>"sandeep","user2"=>"pankaj","user3"=>"rahul","user4"=>"neeraj");  
  3.     while($value = current($arr))   
  4.     {
  5.         <br />", $value);  
  6.         next($arr);  
  7.     }  
  8. ?>  
Produces the following: output:

sandeep
pankaj
rahul
neeraj

Get current array’s key value pair

To get an array’s current key value pair we can use the each() function that takes an array name as argument and automatically increments to the next key after retrieving the first key value pair. If the pointer is residing at the end of the array before executing each(), FALSE is returned. 

The following:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $arr=array("user1"=>"sandeep","user2"=>"pankaj","user3"=>"rahul","user4"=>"neeraj");  
  3.     while(list($key,$value)=each($arr))  
  4.     {  
  5.         echo "$key $value ";  
  6.     }  
  7. ?>  
Gives the following output:

user1 sandeep user2 pankaj user3 rahul user4 neeraj

Move array pointer to Next or Previous position

To move an array pointer to the next position we use the next() function and to move an array pointer in the previous direction we use the prev() function. As we have already seen, the next() function example in the previous example.

Moving the Pointer to the First and Last Array Position 

The reset() function sets an array pointer back to the beginning of the array. This function is commonly used when we need to review or manipulate an array multiple times within a script, or when sorting has completed whereas the end() function sets the array pointer to the last element of the array and returns that element.

 The following:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $fruit=array("apple","mango","banana","orange");  
  3.     $first=reset($fruit);  
  4.     echo "$first ";  
  5.     $last=end($fruit);  
  6.     echo "$last";  
  7. ?>
Produces the following output:

apple orange

Passing array values to a function
  1. To pass an array’s values to a function we use the array_walk() function.
  2. This function will pass each element of the array to a user-defined function.
  3. This is useful when we want to perform specific kind of functions on each array element.
  4. If we send an array as a reference then it will be completely changed for the entire scope.

Its syntax is as follows:

boolean array_walk(array &array, callback function name [, mixed userdata])

 The following:

  1. <?php  
  2.     $arr=array("user1"=>"apple ","user2"=>"mango ","user3"=>"orange ");  
  3.     function sanitize_data($value, $key)   
  4.     {  
  5.         $value = strip_tags($value);  
  6.         echo "$value ";  
  7.     }  
  8.         array_walk($arr,"sanitize_data");  
  9. ?>
Produces the following output:

apple mango orange

Explanation: here we first define an associative array (we can also use an indexed array). Then we define a function sanitize_data() that takes the two parameters $value and $key. This $value and $key are obtained when the array_walk () function is called by sanitize_data() and passes $arr in the parameter. strip_tags() is a predefined function for concatenating strings.

If we are working with an array of arrays then we use the array_walk_recursive() function.

Determining the Size of an Array

The count() function returns the total number of values found in an array. The sizeof() function is similar to count(). Its syntax follows.

integer count(array array [, int mode]

If the optional mode parameter is enabled (set to 1), the array will be counted recursively. This is useful when counting all elements of a multidimensional array. The following example counts the total number of vegetables found in the $fruit array:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $fruit = array("mango", "apple", "orange", "pomegranate");  
  3.     echo count($fruit);  
  4. ?> 
This returns the following:

4

The next example counts both the scalar values and array values found in $cities.
  1. <?php  
  2.     $cities = array("alwar", "jaipur", array("udaipur","kota"), "mathura");  
  3.     echo count($cities, 1);   
  4. ?>  
It returns the following:

6

Count value frequency in array

It counts how many times a value in an array repeats and to do this it uses the function array_count_values() that returns an array with the number of counts.

For example:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $garden = array("cabbage", "peppers", "turnips", "carrots","cabbage","carrots");  
  3.     $result=array_count_values($garden);  
  4.     print_r($result);  
  5. ?>  
Produces the following result:

Array ( [cabbage] => 2 [peppers] => 1 [turnips] => 1 [carrots] => 2 )

Get unique array values

It gets unique values from an array using array_unique() and it returns an array that consists of distinct values.

For example:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $garden = array("cabbage", "peppers", "turnips", "carrots","cabbage","carrots");  
  3.     $result=array_unique($garden);  
  4.     print_r($result);  
  5. ?>
Produces the following result:

Array ( [0] => cabbage [1] => peppers [2] => turnips [3] => carrots )

Sorting Arrays

The element in an array can be sorted in numeric or alphabetic order and/or ascending or descending order.

We use the following PHP array functions.

Function Name Description
sort() sort arrays in ascending order
rsort() sort arrays in descending order
asort() sort associative arrays in ascending order, depending on the value
ksort() sort associative arrays in ascending order, depending on the key
arsort() sort associative arrays in descending order, depending on the value
krsort() sort associative arrays in descending order, depending on the key
natsort() It sorts an array naturally like (3.jpg, 1.jpg) to (1.jpg, 3.jpg)
natcasesort() It works similar as natsort() but case sensitive

Flipping Array Keys and Values

The array_flip() function reverses the roles of the keys and their corresponding values in an array.

The following is an example:

  1. <?php  
  2.     $state = array("rajasthan", "haryana", "punjab");  
  3.     $state = array_flip($state);  
  4.     print_r($state);  
  5. ?>  
This example returns the following:

Array ( [punjab] => 0 [haryana] => 1 [rajasthan] => 2 )

User-defined array sorting

The usort() function provides a convenient way for user-defined sorting. The syntax is as follows.

usort(array array,called function name)

The example is as follows:
  1. <?php  
  2.     function my_sort($a,$b)  
  3.     {  
  4.         if ($a==$b) return 0;  
  5.         return ($a<$b)?-1:1;  
  6.     }  
  7.         $a=array(4,2,8,6);  
  8.         usort($a,"my_sort");   
  9.     foreach($a as $a)  
  10.         echo "$a ";  
  11. ?>
This produces the following output:

2 4 6 8

Merging, Slicing, Splicing, and Dissecting Arrays

Merging Array: The array_merge() function merges two arrays and returns a single obtained array that has shuffled values.

For example:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $face = array("J", "Q", "K", "A");  
  3.     $numbered = array("2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9");  
  4.     $cards = array_merge($face, $numbered);  
  5.     shuffle($cards);  
  6.     print_r($cards);  
  7. ?>
This produces the following output and it can be different on each refresh.

Array ( [0] => 5 [1] => K [2] => Q [3] => 2 [4] => A [5] => 6 [6] => 9 [7] => J [8] => 4 [9] => 7 [10] => 3 [11] => 8 )

Recursively Appending Arrays: The array_merge_recursive() function merges two arrays. The same as done by the array_merge() function but the difference is when merging both arrays if there is more than one key/value pair in the array then it merges the values together and make the pre-existing key as it’s name.

The example is as follows:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $class1 = array("sandeep" => 100, "rahul" => 85);  
  3.     $class2 = array("sandeep" => 18, "pankaj" => 45);  
  4.     $classResult = array_merge_recursive($class1, $class2);//sandeep is repeated  
  5.     print_r($classResult);  
  6. ?>
This produces the following output:

Array ( [sandeep] => Array ( [0] => 100 [1] => 18 ) [rahul] => 85 [pankaj] => 45 )

Note: In result a new array created whose name is sandeep

Combining two Arrays: The array_combine() function results a new array consisting of a submitted set of keys and corresponding values. Its prototype follows.

array array_combine(array keys, array values)

The submitted set of arrays should be of equal size and neither can be empty.

The example as follows:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $abbr = array("IND", "UK", "AUS", "US");  
  3.     $countries = array("India", "United Kingdom", "Australia", "United States");  
  4.     $countryMap = array_combine($abbr,$countries);  
  5.     print_r($countryMap);  
  6. ?> 
The output is as follows:

Array ( [IND] => India [UK] => United Kingdom [AUS] => Australia [US] => United States )

Slicing an array: The array_slice() function returns a subset or section of array based on the starting and ending offset value.

It’s syntax is as follows:

array array_slice(array array, int offset [, int length [, boolean save_key]])

A positive offset value will slice to begin offset positions from the beginning of the array. A negative offset value will slice offset positions from the end of the array. If the optional length parameter is absent, the slice will start at the offset and end at the last element of the array. If the length is provided and is positive, it will end at the offset + length position from the beginning of the array. Conversely, if length is provided and is negative, it will end at the count(input_array) – length position from the end of the array. If the optional parameter save_key is provided and set to true then the array key position will not be changed in the result.

Consider the following example:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $veg = array("cabbage", "peppers", "turnips", "carrots","potato","tomato");  
  3.     $subset = array_slice($veg, 2, -2,true);  
  4.     print_r($subset);  
  5. ?> 
This produces the following output:

Array ( [2] => turnips [3] => carrots )

Array Intersection

The result of the array_intersect() is the array whose values is common to each array variable in another array. It considers the values to be identical if they have the same data type. For an associative array intersection we use the array_intersect_assoc() function.

Its syntax is as follows:

array array_intersect (array array1,array array2,…. Up to N)

For example:
  1. <?php  
  2.     $arrayarray1 = array("Oa", "Cz", "Nx", "Hu", "Cv");  
  3.     $arrayarray2 = array("Oa", "sA", "Hu", "Nx", "Ia");  
  4.     $arrayarray3 = array("Te", "Ma", "Nx", "Oa", "Hu");  
  5.     $intersection = array_intersect($array1, $array2, $array3);  
  6.     print_r($intersection);  
  7. ?> 
This produces the following output:

Array ( [0] => Oa [2] => Nx [3] => Hu )

Note: Just the opposite of array_intersect() we use the array_diff() function that returns the values located in the first array that are not located in any of the subsequent arrays and use the array_diff_assoc() function for the associative array.

The following is a list of the array related functions.

Function Description
array() Creates an array
array_change_key_case() Changes all keys in an array to lowercase or uppercase
array_chunk() Splits an array into chunks of arrays
array_column() Returns the values from a single column in the input array
array_combine() Creates an array using the elements from one "keys" array and one "values" array
array_count_values() Counts all the values of an array
array_diff() Compare arrays, and returns the differences (compare values only)
array_diff_assoc() Compare arrays, and returns the differences (compare keys and values)
array_diff_key() Compare arrays, and returns the differences (compare keys only)
array_diff_uassoc() Compare arrays, and returns the differences (compare keys and values, using a user-defined key comparison function)
array_diff_ukey() Compare arrays, and returns the differences (compare keys only, using a user-defined key comparison function)
array_fill() Fills an array with values
array_fill_keys() Fills an array with values, specifying keys
array_filter() Filters the values of an array using a callback function
array_flip() Flips/exchanges all keys with their associated values in an array
array_intersect() Compare arrays, and returns the matches (compare values only)
array_intersect_assoc() Compare arrays and returns the matches (compare keys and values)
array_intersect_key() Compare arrays, and returns the matches (compare keys only)
array_intersect_uassoc() Compare arrays, and returns the matches (compare keys and values, using a user-defined key comparison function)
array_intersect_ukey() Compare arrays, and returns the matches (compare keys only, using a user-defined key comparison function)
array_key_exists() Checks if the specified key exists in the array
array_keys() Returns all the keys of an array
array_map() Sends each value of an array to a user-made function, that returns new values
array_merge() Merges one or more arrays into one array
array_merge_recursive() Merges one or more arrays into one array recursively
array_multisort() Sorts multiple or multi-dimensional arrays
array_pad() Inserts a specified number of items, with a specified value, to an array
array_pop() Deletes the last element of an array
array_product() Calculates the product of the values in an array
array_push() Inserts one or more elements to the end of an array
array_rand() Returns one or more random keys from an array
array_reduce() Returns an array as a string, using a user-defined function
array_replace() Replaces the values of the first array with the values from the following arrays
array_replace_recursive() Replaces the values of the first array with the values from the following arrays recursively
array_reverse() Returns an array in the reverse order
array_search() Searches an array for a given value and returns the key
array_shift() Removes the first element from an array and returns the value of the removed element
array_slice() Returns selected parts of an array
array_splice() Removes and replaces specified elements of an array
array_sum() Returns the sum of the values in an array
array_udiff() Compare arrays, and returns the differences (compare values only, using a user-defined key comparison function)
array_udiff_assoc() Compare arrays, and returns the differences (compare keys and values, using a built-in function to compare the keys and a user-defined function to compare the values)
array_udiff_uassoc() Compare arrays, and returns the differences (compare keys and values, using two user-defined key comparison functions)
array_uintersect() Compare arrays, and returns the matches (compare values only, using a user-defined key comparison function)
array_uintersect_assoc() Compare arrays, and returns the matches (compare keys and values, using a built-in function to compare the keys and a user-defined function to compare the values)
array_uintersect_uassoc() Compare arrays, and returns the matches (compare keys and values, using two user-defined key comparison functions)
array_unique() Removes duplicate values from an array
array_unshift() Adds one or more elements to the beginning of an array
array_values() Returns all the values of an array
array_walk() Applies a user function to every member of an array
array_walk_recursive() Applies a user function recursively to every member of an array
arsort() Sorts an associative array in descending order, depending on the value
asort() Sorts an associative array in ascending order, depending on the value
compact() Create array containing variables and their values
count() Returns the number of elements in an array
current() Returns the current element in an array
each() Returns the current key and value pair from an array
end() Sets the internal pointer of an array to its last element
extract() Imports variables into the current symbol table from an array
in_array() Checks if a specified value exists in an array
key() Fetches a key from an array
krsort() Sorts an associative array in descending order, depending on the key
ksort() Sorts an associative array in ascending order, depending on the key
list() Assigns variables as if they were an array
natcasesort() Sorts an array using a case insensitive "natural order" algorithm
natsort() Sorts an array using a "natural order" algorithm
next() Advance the internal array pointer of an array
pos() Alias of current()
prev() Rewinds the internal array pointer
range() Creates an array containing a range of elements
reset() Sets the internal pointer of an array to its first element
rsort() Sorts an indexed array in descending order
shuffle() Shuffles an array
sizeof() Alias of count()
sort() Sorts an indexed array in ascending order
uasort() Sorts an array by values using a user-defined comparison function
uksort() Sorts an array by keys using a user-defined comparison function
usort() Sorts an array using a user-defined comparison function

The preceding list of functions is referenced from www.w3schools.com.

Summary

Arrays are very important in programming. In PHP the functions provided for arrays are very useful for performing fast operations. Arrays can be used when taking values from a database or from a file and then use that data depending on our convenience.

Thank you for reading. I hope you would like it.


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