Operators in JavaScript

Introduction

 
In the previous chapter, we learned about Variables in JavaScript, its scope, and how to use variables in JavaScript with example programs.
 
In this chapter, we will learn about operators in JavaScript. Many programming languages use operators, and every programming language has an operator. Without further ado, let's take a look at the operators in JavaScript.
 

What is an Operator?

 
The operator is a symbol that performs some function in one or more values or functions. JavaScript operators perform math or logical functions in a variable. JavaScript supports the following types of operators:
  • Arithmetic Operators
  • Relational or comparison Operators
  • Logical Operators
  • Bitwise Operators
  • Assignment Operators
  • Conditional or ternary Operators

Arithmetic Operators

 
These operators are used to perform arithmetic operations. Arithmetic operators are of two types:
  • Unary Operators – It will operate a single operand
  • Binary Operators – It will operate two operands
Arithmetic Operators
Description
Binary Operators
  
+
It performs an addition operation
-
It performs a subtraction operation
*
It performs a multiplication operation
/
It performs a division operation
%
It calculates the remainder after division
Unary Operators
  
++
It performs an increment on a given number
--
It performs a decrement on a given number
 
Example of Binary Operators
 
Try it yourself:
  1. <!DOCTYPE html>    
  2. <html>    
  3. <head>    
  4.     <meta charset="utf-8">    
  5.     <title>Arithmetic Operators</title>    
  6. </head>    
  7. <body>    
  8.     <h2>Arithmetic Operators in JavaScript</h2>    
  9.     <script type="text/javascript">    
  10.         var a=10;    
  11.         var b=20;    
  12.         document.write("The sum of two numbers a=10, b=20 <br>");    
  13.         document.write("Addition :"+(a+b)); //addition    
  14.         document.write("<br>");    
  15.         document.write("Subraction :"+(a-b)); //subraction    
  16.         document.write("<br>");    
  17.         document.write("Multiplication :"+(a*b)); //Multiplication    
  18.         document.write("<br>");    
  19.         document.write("Division :"+(a/b)); //Division    
  20.         document.write("<br>");    
  21.         document.write("Modules :"+(a%b)); // Moudulus calculate the reminder    
  22.         document.write("<br>");    
  23.     </script>    
  24. </body>    
  25. </html>   
Output
 
 
Example of Unary Operators
 
Try it yourself:
  1. <!DOCTYPE html>    
  2. <html>    
  3. <head>    
  4.     <meta charset="utf-8">    
  5.     <title>Urinary Operators</title>    
  6. </head>    
  7. <body>    
  8.     <h2>Urinary Operators in JavaScript</h2>    
  9.     <script type="text/javascript">    
  10.         var a=20;    
  11.         var b=30;    
  12.         document.write("The sum of two numbers a=20, b=30 <br>");    
  13.         //post increment    
  14.         document.write("Post increment 20++ :"+(a++));    
  15.         document.write("<br>");    
  16.         document.write("After increment the value of a is :"+(a));    
  17.         document.write("<br>");    
  18.         //pre increment    
  19.         document.write("Pre increment ++30 :"+(++b));    
  20.         document.write("<br>");    
  21.         document.write("After increment the value of b is :"+(b));    
  22.         document.write("<br> <br>");    
  23.         //post decrement    
  24.         document.write("Decrement Operators <br>");    
  25.         document.write("Post decrement 20-- :"+(a--));    
  26.         document.write("<br>");    
  27.         document.write("After decrement the value of a is :"+(a));    
  28.         document.write("<br>");    
  29.         //pre decrement    
  30.         document.write("Pre decrement --30 :"+(--b));    
  31.         document.write("<br>");    
  32.         document.write("After decrement the value of b is :"+(b));    
  33.     </script>    
  34. </body>    
  35. </html>    
Output
 
 
String using ‘+’ Operator
 
Try it yourself:
  1. <!DOCTYPE html>    
  2. <html>    
  3. <head>    
  4.     <title>String Operator</title>    
  5. </head>    
  6. <body>    
  7.     <h2>String Operator in JavaScript</h2>    
  8.     <script type="text/javascript">    
  9.         var str = "Hi"; //string     
  10.         var str1 = "C sharp cornner!";    
  11.         document.write(str+str1); //string operator    
  12.     </script>    
  13. </body>    
  14. </html>   
Output 
 
 

Relational or Comparison Operators

 
These operators are used to compare two values or variables. They are used to find the relationship between two values or compare the relationship between two values that yield the result true or false.
 
Comparison operator
Description
==
Equal to
===
Equal value and Equal type
>=
Greater than equal to
<=
Less than equal to
>
Greater than
<
Less than
!=
Not equal to
!==
Not equal value and not equal type
 
Example of a comparison operator
 
Try it yourself:
  1. <!DOCTYPE html>    
  2. <html>    
  3. <head>    
  4.     <title>Comparison Operator</title>    
  5. </head>    
  6. <body>    
  7.     <h2>Relational or Comparison Operators</h2>    
  8.     <script type="text/javascript">    
  9.         var a=5;    
  10.         var b=7;    
  11.         document.write(a==b);     
  12.         document.write("<br>");    
  13.         document.write(a===b);    
  14.         document.write("<br>");    
  15.         document.write(a>=b);    
  16.         document.write("<br>");    
  17.         document.write(a<=b);    
  18.         document.write("<br>");    
  19.         document.write(a>b);    
  20.         document.write("<br>");    
  21.         document.write(a<b);    
  22.         document.write("<br>");    
  23.         document.write(a!=b);    
  24.         document.write("<br>");    
  25.         document.write(a!==b);    
  26.         document.write("<br>");    
  27.     </script>    
  28. </body>    
  29. </html>    
Output
 
 

Logical Operator

 
These operators are used to perform Boolean expressions. This is true or false. This makes a logical AND, OR, and NOT. It is often used for conditional statements.
 
Logical Operator
Description
&&
It performs logical AND operation
||
It performs logical OR operation
!
It performs logical Not operation
 
Example of a logical operator
 
Try it yourself:
  1. <!DOCTYPE html>    
  2. <html>    
  3. <head>    
  4.     <meta charset="utf-8">    
  5.     <title>Logical Operator</title>    
  6.     <script type="text/javascript">    
  7.         function verify() {    
  8.             var name = document.getElementById("nam").value;    
  9.             var pass = document.getElementById("pwd").value;    
  10.             if ((name=="vijay") && (pass=="logical")) //user name and password     
  11.             {    
  12.                 document.write("Login successfully!");    
  13.             }     
  14.             else     
  15.             {    
  16.                 document.write("Login failed"); // user name and password is worng means login failed    
  17.     
  18.             }    
  19.         }    
  20.     </script>    
  21. </head>    
  22. <body>    
  23.     <h2>Logigal operator in JavaScript</h2>    
  24.     <h3>Login Id</h3>    
  25.     User Name<input type="text" name="name" id="nam" placeholder="Enter your Name">    
  26.     <br><br>    
  27.     Password<input type="Password" name="pwd" id="pwd" placeholder="Enter your Password">    
  28.     <br><br>    
  29.     <input type="submit" value="submit" onclick="verify();">    
  30. </body>    
  31. </html>    
Output
 
 
 
 

Bitwise Operators

 
JavaScript bitwise operators are used to perform functions on their bits. Bit means (0 and 1s) or true or false. The sequence of 8 bits is called byte. The bitwise operator converts a given decimal number into a binary number.
 
Bitwise operators
Description
&
Performs AND operation on the bits of operands
|
Performs OR operation on the bits of operands
^
Performs XOR operation on the bits of operands
~
Performs NOT operation on the bits of operands
<<
Left shift is multiplication
>>
Right Shift is division
>>>
Right Shift with zero
 
Example of a Bitwise operator
 
Try it yourself:
  1. <!DOCTYPE html>    
  2. <html>    
  3. <head>    
  4.     <title>Bitwise Operator</title>    
  5. </head>    
  6. <body>    
  7.     <h2>Bitwise Operator in JavaScript</h2>    
  8.     <script type="text/javascript">    
  9.         document.write("AND Operator (1 & 1) is :"+(1 & 1));    
  10.         document.write("<br>");    
  11.         document.write("AND Operator (1 & 0) is :"+(1 & 0));    
  12.         document.write("<br>");    
  13.         document.write("OR Operator (0 | 0) is :"+(0 | 0));    
  14.         document.write("<br>");    
  15.         document.write("OR Operator (1 | 1) is :"+(1 | 1));    
  16.         document.write("<br>");    
  17.         document.write("XOR Operator (1 ^ 1) is :"+(1 ^ 1));    
  18.         document.write("<br>");    
  19.         document.write("XOR Operator (0 ^ 0) is :"+(0 ^ 0));    
  20.         document.write("<br>");    
  21.         document.write("XOR Operator (1 ^ 0) is :"+(1 ^ 0));    
  22.         document.write("<br>");    
  23.         document.write("XOR Operator (0 ^ 1) is :"+(0 ^ 1));    
  24.         document.write("<br>");    
  25.         document.write("Left Shift (3<<5) is :"+(3 << 5)); //multiplication    
  26.         document.write("<br>");    
  27.         document.write("Right Shift (18 >> 4) is :"+(18 >> 4)); //division     
  28.         document.write("<br>");    
  29.         document.write("NOT Operator (~5) is :"+(~5)); //change the sign and add plus one    
  30.         document.write("<br>");    
  31.     </script>    
  32. </body>    
  33. </html>   
Output
 
 

Assignment Operator

 
An assignment operator is one of the simplest operators used to assign a value to variable or constant. The right side could be a variable or constant, the left side of the operator must be a variable.
 
Assignment Operator
Description
=
Assigns the right-side value of the expression to the left side value of the expression.
+=
Add the variables present on either side of the expression
-=
Subtract the variables present on either side of the expression
*=
Multiplication of the variables present on either side of the expression
/=
Divide the variables present on either side of the expression
%=
Modulus operation on the variables present on either side of the expression.
 
Example of assignment operators
 
Try it yourself:
  1. <!DOCTYPE html>    
  2. <html>    
  3. <head>    
  4.     <title>Assignment Operator</title>    
  5. </head>    
  6. <body>    
  7.     <h2>Assignment operator in JavaScript</h2>    
  8.     <script type="text/javascript">    
  9.         var a=10;    
  10.         document.write("The value of a =",a);    
  11.         document.write("<br>");    
  12.         a=20; //the a value change 20    
  13.         document.write("The value of a =",a);// 20    
  14.         document.write("<br>");    
  15.         a+=20; //here the value of 20    
  16.         document.write("The value of a+ =",a);// 20+20 =40    
  17.         document.write("<br>");    
  18.         a-=10;    
  19.         document.write("The value of a- =",a);// 40-10 =30    
  20.         document.write("<br>");    
  21.         a*=10;     
  22.         document.write("The value of a* =",a);// 30*10 =300    
  23.         document.write("<br>");    
  24.         a/=10;    
  25.         document.write("The value of a/ =",a);// 300/10 =30    
  26.         document.write("<br>");    
  27.         a%=10;    
  28.         document.write("The value of a% =",a);// 30%10 =0    
  29.         document.write("<br>");    
  30.         //now the curent value of a is 0    
  31.     </script>    
  32. </body>    
  33. </html>    
Output
 
 

Conditional Operators

 
Conditional operators are used to performing some conditional checks on expressions. The operator operates three expressions and contains symbols. Conditional operators also called ternary operators.
 
Syntax
 
<condition>? <value1>: <value 2> 
 
Try it yourself:
  1. <!DOCTYPE html>    
  2. <html>    
  3. <head>    
  4.     <title>Conditonal Operator </title>    
  5. </head>    
  6. <body>    
  7.     <h2>Conditional or ternary  operator in JavaScript</h2>    
  8.     <h2>Result</h2>    
  9.     Enter Name    
  10.     <input type="text" name="name1" id="n1">    
  11.     <br><br>    
  12.     Enter Mark    
  13.     <input type="number" name="mark" id="mrk">    
  14.     <br><br>    
  15.     <input type="submit" value="check" onclick="result();">    
  16.     <script type="text/javascript">    
  17.         function result() {    
  18.             var name = document.getElementById("n1").value;    
  19.             var mark = document.getElementById("mrk").value;    
  20.             (mark>=35)?document.write(name+"pass mark"):document.write(name+"Fail mark");// Conditional Operator    
  21.         }    
  22.     </script>    
  23. </body>    
  24. </html>   
Output
 
 
Try it yourself:
 
 
 
Try it your self,
 
 
 

Summary

 
In this chapter, we learned about Operators in JavaScript, types of operators, and how to use operators in JavaScript with example programs.
Author
Vijayakumar S
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