Programm layered architecture

Question

By design, a program is usually based on a layered architecture to allow reusability and facilitate teamwork and testing. We may employ the following layered models:

•  PLD: Presentation, logic(business logic, services), data
•  MVVM: Model, View, and View Model

1. What programming language constructs can be used to implement program-layered architecture?
2. What is the relationship between MVVM and PLD programming patterns?