I was working on a few 2010 reusable workflows in SharePoint Online and I was not able to publish them. I was receiving the below error
I searched Google regarding the issue, and was unable to find anything until I found the blog referenced below. It suggested that I check the admin center for a message stating that the service is going to update. Sure enough, it was there.
It stated that the service may be affected until November 7th, 2019. In case you are facing the same issue, wait for the update to complete.
https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/c4fb5728-bdff-4482-adb6-2a28213fd30e/unexpected-error-on-server-associating-the-workflow-sharepoint-online?forum=onlineservicessharepoint