Team Site - The most common SharePoint site template to collaborate, organize, create, and share information and documents.
Blog - A site on which a user or group of users write opinions and share information.
Developer Site - This site template is used by Developers for Office Apps development.
Project Site - This site template is used for managing and collaborating on a project.
Document Center - It is used to centrally manage documents in enterprise.
eDiscovery Center - It is used to manage, search and export content for legal investigations.
Records Center - This site is used to submit and find important documents that should be stored for long-term archival.
Community Site - It is a Site where the community members can explore, discover content and discuss common topics.
Business Intelligence Center - This site is used for providing access to Business Intelligence content in SharePoint.
Enterprise Search Center - This site delivers an enterprise search experience. Users can access the enterprise search center to perform general searches, people searches, conversation or video searches.
My Site Host - This site is used for creating public profile pages and personal sites.
Community Portal - It is used for discovering new communities across the enterprise.
Basic Search Center - This site is used for delivering the basic search.
Visio Process Repository - It allows you sharing and viewing Visio process diagrams.
Publishing Portal - It is used for either internet application or intranet portals.
Enterprise Wiki - This is used for publishing knowledge.
Product Catalog - This is used for displaying information as catalogs.