Insert, Update and Delete Records in a C# DataGridView

Introduction

This article shows how to insert, update, and delete records in a DataGridView in a C# Windows Forms application. In a previous article, we saw how to use a Chart Control in Windows Forms Application.

Let's Begin

1. Create a new Windows Forms application.

2. Create a database (named Sample). Add a table tbl_Record. The following is the table schema for creating tbl_Record.

3. Create a form (named frmMain) and drop a Label, TextBox, Button, and DataGridView control from the ToolBox.

Now, go to frmMain.cs code and add the System.Data and System.Data.SqlClient namespaces.

frmMain.cs Code

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data.SqlClient;

namespace InsertUpdateDeleteDemo
{
    public partial class frmMain : Form
    {
        SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection("Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=Sample;Integrated Security=true;");
        SqlCommand cmd;
        SqlDataAdapter adapt;

        // ID variable used in Updating and Deleting Record
        int ID = 0;

        public frmMain()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            DisplayData();
        }

        // Insert Data
        private void btn_Insert_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (txt_Name.Text != "" && txt_State.Text != "")
            {
                cmd = new SqlCommand("insert into tbl_Record(Name,State) values(@name,@state)", con);
                con.Open();
                cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@name", txt_Name.Text);
                cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@state", txt_State.Text);
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                con.Close();
                MessageBox.Show("Record Inserted Successfully");
                DisplayData();
                ClearData();
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Please Provide Details!");
            }
        }

        // Display Data in DataGridView
        private void DisplayData()
        {
            con.Open();
            DataTable dt = new DataTable();
            adapt = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from tbl_Record", con);
            adapt.Fill(dt);
            dataGridView1.DataSource = dt;
            con.Close();
        }

        // Clear Data
        private void ClearData()
        {
            txt_Name.Text = "";
            txt_State.Text = "";
            ID = 0;
        }

        // dataGridView1 RowHeaderMouseClick Event
        private void dataGridView1_RowHeaderMouseClick(object sender, DataGridViewCellMouseEventArgs e)
        {
            ID = Convert.ToInt32(dataGridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[0].Value.ToString());
            txt_Name.Text = dataGridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[1].Value.ToString();
            txt_State.Text = dataGridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[2].Value.ToString();
        }

        // Update Record
        private void btn_Update_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (txt_Name.Text != "" && txt_State.Text != "")
            {
                cmd = new SqlCommand("update tbl_Record set Name=@name,State=@state where ID=@id", con);
                con.Open();
                cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@id", ID);
                cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@name", txt_Name.Text);
                cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@state", txt_State.Text);
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                MessageBox.Show("Record Updated Successfully");
                con.Close();
                DisplayData();
                ClearData();
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Please Select Record to Update");
            }
        }

        // Delete Record
        private void btn_Delete_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (ID != 0)
            {
                cmd = new SqlCommand("delete tbl_Record where ID=@id", con);
                con.Open();
                cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@id", ID);
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                con.Close();
                MessageBox.Show("Record Deleted Successfully!");
                DisplayData();
                ClearData();
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Please Select Record to Delete");
            }
        }
    }
}

In the preceding code, I created a dataGridView1_RowHeaderMouseClick Event for updating and deleting the selected record. When the user clicks on the Row Header of a row then the data present in the cell of the row is stored into the TextBoxes. The DisplayData() method fills in the data in the DataGridView.

The Clear() method clears the data present in the TextBox as well as in the ID(int) variable.

Final Preview

I hope you like it. Thanks.